In recent years, automotive safety technologies have advanced significantly, leading to the development of numerous intelligent systems designed to reduce the risk of road accidents. Among these technologies, the Anti-lock Braking System (ABS), Traction Control System (TCS), and Electronic Stability Control (ESC) play the most important roles in maintaining vehicle control and enhancing driving safety. Although these three systems are closely related and widely recognized by drivers, they are often mistakenly believed to perform the same function. In reality, each