In the oil, gas, and petrochemical industries, process equipment such as pressure vessels, pipelines, heat exchangers, compressors, and distillation columns operate under severe conditions, including high pressure, elevated temperature, corrosive environments, and varying mechanical loads. Under such conditions, various types of damage such as corrosion, cracking, plastic deformation, wear, and thermal degradation may occur. Once these damages are detected, a systematic process for technical inspection, engineering assessment, final decision making, risk management, and continuous monitoring is implemented to ensure that